Oral health is becoming a significant concern worldwide, with many people struggling with dental issues due to a lack of effective preventive and care measures. In response, the BrushO team is dedicated to improving oral health for everyone. With over 20 years of experience in designing and manufacturing toothbrushes and other smart hardware, BrushO initiated the FSB fully smart toothbrush project in 2021. By 2022, the first smart toothbrush model, FSB100, had completed testing and mass production. In 2023, the trial version of the smart toothbrush, model FSB200, earned certifications from IPX7, CE, RoHS, FCC, SGS, and the FDA (Test Report).
Studies show that electric toothbrush users have 21% less plaque and 11% less gingivitis compared to manual toothbrush users, with a 62% decrease in the frequency of gingivitis and gum bleeding. BrushO’s smart toothbrushes outperform even electric toothbrushes in cleaning ability and brushing experience. Our unique AI Brush (FSB-Full Smart Brushing) technology monitors users’ brushing behavior in real-time, helping them develop good brushing habits and acting as a personal oral health guardian. We believe that BrushO smart toothbrushes make oral care more efficient and professional.
However, the challenge lies in promoting BrushO smart toothbrushes globally, from markets like Europe and North America, where smart electric toothbrushes are widely accepted, to regions like Southeast Asia, where their adoption is low.

In 2023, the concept of DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure) emerged, with successful projects like Helium, Hivemapper, and Dimo inspiring us. We realized that creating a user-driven decentralized ecosystem — BrushO Network — could solve our challenges.
First, it lowers the barrier for user participation. Our market research indicates that price is a significant factor for users choosing a toothbrush. With BrushO Network, users can earn money through healthy brushing habits and contributions to the oral health industry, making purchasing and using BrushO smart toothbrushes both a health and a financial investment.
Secondly, the lack of oral health data in the industry severely hampers its development. While companies like Philips and Oral-B might gather some user data through their products, this data is incomplete, and there are customer concerns about excessive data collection. People are unsure which of their data is being collected and worry about potential misuse or leaks from centralized servers. The only certainty is that the value generated by their private data does not benefit the data contributors. BrushO Network uses data encryption and blockchain technology to give users ownership and control over their data, ensuring privacy while turning data into monetizable digital assets. Industries like daily chemicals, beauty, insurance, and healthcare can access high-quality, real, and compliant oral health data through BrushO Network, accelerating product development, reducing costs, and launching more competitive products. We believe that BrushO Network will transform the industry, elevating global oral health standards.
Lastly, the network effect of DePIN is remarkable. Projects like Helium, Hivemapper, and Dimo have achieved in months what traditional companies take years or even decades to accomplish, with minimal marketing costs. DePIN will accelerate the development of BrushO Network, a topic we will explore in detail in future articles.
Unlike typical DePIN projects emphasizing the ‘Earn’ aspect, like Move to Earn or Drive to Earn, BrushO introduces Brush and Earn. Brushing teeth is a daily necessity, and the primary goal of encouraging the use of BrushO smart toothbrushes is to maintain oral health, free from pain, cavities, periodontitis, and tooth loss. Earning is a bonus, not the main objective. BrushO Network aims to enable users to earn passive income while performing their daily oral care without extra time, effort, or expensive additional equipment. This is crucial for promoting global oral health equity.
BrushO’s mission is to make every brushing session valuable and meaningful. Users of BrushO smart toothbrushes will experience better brushing results, gain insights into their oral health, and receive professional care advice. The Brush and Earn model helps users develop good oral health habits while earning rewards, enhancing global oral health standards. We aspire to create a global oral health ecosystem where everyone can contribute and benefit, with user participation being key. If you are interested in BrushO’s progress, stay tuned for the latest updates.
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Jul 17

An in-depth exploration of the three principal hardness testing methodologies used in dental enamel research—Vickers, Knoop, and nanoindentation—and what they reveal about remineralization, erosion, and the anisotropic mechanical properties of the body's hardest tissue.

A deep dive into silver diamine fluoride—its mechanism of action combining silver's antimicrobial properties with fluoride's remineralization, FDA approval history, clinical efficacy data for arresting cavitated lesions, and practical considerations including the characteristic dark staining.

Reviews the emerging field of oral probiotics—examining specific strains (S. salivarius K12/M18, L. reuteri) and their mechanisms including competitive exclusion, bacteriocin production, and immune modulation. Evaluates clinical evidence for halitosis reduction, caries prevention, and periodontal health.

Explores oral lichen planus—a T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory condition affecting 1-2% of the population. Covers subtypes, diagnostic hallmarks, malignant transformation risk, and management from topical corticosteroids to systemic immunosuppressants.

Explores the dental implications of intermittent fasting—how prolonged fasting windows alter salivary flow, pH buffering capacity, and the oral microbiome, potentially increasing or decreasing cavity risk depending on hydration and meal composition.

A technical deep dive into the hardware powering AI toothbrushes—how 6-axis inertial measurement units achieve real-time orientation tracking, zone classification, and brushing motion analysis through sensor fusion algorithms with sub-second latency.

Examines Hunter-Schreger bands—alternating zones of decussating enamel prisms visible under polarized light. Explains how this crack-deflection architecture dramatically increases enamel fracture toughness, and its clinical relevance for understanding enamel's remarkable durability.

Explains the biological mechanisms behind age-related tooth darkening—how progressive deposition of peritubular dentin within dentinal tubules creates sclerotic dentin, altering light transmission. Covers differentiation from pathological sclerosis and implications for whitening treatment expectations.

Investigates dental pulp stones—their prevalence (up to 50% in some populations), classification, hypothesized etiologies, and clinical significance for endodontic access and treatment planning.

Modern AI toothbrushes perform complex computations — zone classification, pressure detection, stroke recognition — entirely on-device using edge computing architectures, eliminating the latency, privacy, and connectivity constraints of cloud-dependent processing. This article dissects the hardware, neural network architectures, and real-time inference pipeline that enable a toothbrush to understand brushing behavior.